Earth

Cosmology of TYPE-MOON
Key Terminology
Nasuverse
Root
Universe
Alternate History
Planet
World
Space Terminology
Dimension
Universe
Celestial Body
Archetype
Counter Force
Ultimate One
Earth
Time Terminology
Time
Alternate History
Quantum Time-Lock
Parallel World
Singularity
Lostbelt
Lost World
Timeline
World Terminology
Texture
Human World
Ends of the World
Reverse Side of the World
Inner Sea of the Planet
Imaginary Number Space
v

Also see World (disambiguation) for other uses of the term "World."

Earth^WP (地球(ちきゅう), Chikyū^?) is the third Planet in the Solar System and the one that Humans inhabit. In the World of Magecraft, it is classified as a Living Planet, an extremely rare type of Celestial Body capable of developping intelligent life.

Field of Science

Characteristics

The Earth is structured^WP by several layers (層, Sō^?):

Continental Crust

The Continental crust^WP (大陸地殻, Tairiku Chikaku^?) is the place where Humans live. At its deepest, it is only 40 kilometers deep. As of 2019, the record for the deepest hole humankind has dug is 12 kilometers.^[1]

The surface of the crust is formed by continents^WP (大陸, Tairiku^?).

Former Continents:

• Pangaea (パンゲア, Pangea^?): A supercontinent that was formed over 300 million years ago by the collision and fusion of three smaller continents.^[2] 188 million years ago, during the Jurassic Period, Pangaea began to significantly break apart.^[3]
• Laurasia^WP (ローラシア, Rōrashia^?): The northest continent that appeared when Pangaea was fractured,^[4] roughly 188 million years ago.^[3]
• Gondwana^WP (ゴンドワナ, Gondowana^?): The southest continent that appeared when Pangaea was fractured,^[4] roughly 188 million years ago.^[3]

Current Continents:

• Asia
• Africa
• North America
• South America
• Antarctica
• Europe
• Australia

Mantle

The Mantle^WP (マントル, Mantoru^?) is the layer below the crust.^[1]

Core

Core^WP.^{[citation needed]}

History

See also Timeline.

The Genesis (創世, Sōsei^?) of the planet Earth took place 4.6 billion years before present day and was initially formed from molten magma and gas. Life did not emerge until the inhospitable planet cooled and settled.^{[citation needed]} Throughout history, there have been five Mass Extinction Events^WP (大絶滅, Ōzetsumetsu^?). They are commonly referred to as the Big Five.^[3]

Earth's geological history is divided into several eras^WP (代, Dai^?). Furthermore, each era can be subdivided into several periods^WP (紀, Ji^?).^[5]

Precambrian Era

The Precambrian Era^WP (先カンブリア時代, Senkanburiajidai^?) is the earliest part of Earth's history, spanning from approximately 4.6 billion to 539 million years ago.^[5]

The Dragon of Albion is as old as the planet Earth, making Melusine the only Heroic Spirit with memories from the Precambrian Era.^[2]

Paleozoic Era

The Paleozoic Era^WP (古生代, Koseidai^?) is the geologic time period that took place between 539 and 252 million years ago.^[5]

The Palezoic Era is subdivided into the following periods:

• Devonian Period
• Carboniferous Period
• Permian Period

Devonian Period

Devonian Period^WP (デボン紀, Debonki^?) is a time period from the Paleozoic Era.^[2]

Carboniferous Period

Carboniferous Period^WP (石炭紀, Sekitanki^?) is a time period from the Paleozoic Era that ended roughly 300 million years ago.^[2][4]

Over 300 million years ago, three continents fused together to form a singular supercontinent, now known as Pangaea. The immense collision of these landmasses drove the formation of vast mountains, and these mountains, in turn, generated new global airflows. These airflows created the consistent rainy seasons that fed rivers and marshes. This environment allowed for the growth of plant life, leading to the appearance of the planet’s first great woodlands. The forests were composed of towering ferns, some reaching heights of about 40 meters. As these massive plants died, their remnants returned to the soil, ultimately forming the coal^WP that humanity would one day dig up and use as fuel. This process of coal formation is why this particular time period is referred to as the Carboniferous Period.^[2]

During this period, insects^WP flourished without any predators, allowing them to evolve to become bigger and stronger. However, their time at the top of the food chain was short-lived. It wasn't long before amniotes^WP, a form of vertebrate, appeared. Their ability to lay amniotic eggs granted them an incredible evolutionary leap: the egg was filled with fluid that surrounded the young as they grew and provided protection from the outside world. This new method of procreation meant these life-forms no longer needed to remain in water to reproduce. And so, true life on dry land became viable. Over many long years, these early amniotes further divided into synapsids^WP (単弓類, Tankyū-rui^?) and sauropsids^WP (竜弓類, Ryū kyūrui^?).^[2]

Permian Period

The Permian Period^WP (ペルム紀, Perumuki^?) marked the end of the Paleozoic Era.^[2]

The Permian Period came to an end during the Third Mass Extinction.^[2][4] During this time, 95% of all aquatic life went extinct.^[4] On land, life was also purged.^[2] The reason dinosaurs became the dominant life-form in the following era is that they were better suited for that environment.^[4]

Mesozoic Era

The Mesozoic Era^WP (中生代, Chūseidai^?) is the geologic time period that took place between 252 and 66 million years ago.^[5] The Mesozoic is know for being the era during which the Dinosaurs roamed the Earth.^[3]

The Mesozoic Era is subdivided into the following periods:

• Triassic Period
• Jurassic Period
• Cretaceous Period

Triassic Period

The Triassic Period^WP (三畳紀, Sanjōki^?) is the first time period in the Mesozoic Era.^[5] It began when the Paleozoic Era came to an end.^[2]

In 1959, a herder named Victorino Herrera discovered a new species of dinosaur fossil from the Triassic Period. They called it Herrerasaurus, and in 1986 when they found more skeletons of its species, they became the oldest dinosaur fossil, at 228 million years old.^[3]

The Fourth Extinction took place at the end of the Triassic Period.^[4]

Jurassic Period

The Jurassic Period^WP (ジュラ紀, Juraki^?) is the second time period in the Mesozoic.^[5]

The supercontinent Pangaea began to significantly break apart 188 million years ago, during the Jurassic Period. The Dinosaurs that lived on separate continents evolved significantly to adapt to their new environments. Among these evolutions, the most notable was the gigantification of certain species. This period is when large dinosaurs like Apatosaurus first appeared, as well as the truly enormous, 30 meters tall Supersaurus.^[3]

Cretaceous Period

The Cretaceous Period^WP (白亜紀, Haku aki^?) is the third and last time period in the Mesozoic era.^[5]

133 million years ago, during the Cretaceous period, the dinosaurs were unchallenged in their position at the top of the food chain. The Tyrannosaurus Rex, perhaps more commonly known as the "T. rex" is, without a doubt, the best-known dinosaur of all.^[3]

The Cretaceous Period came to an end 66 million years ago due to the impact of an asteroid in the Yucatán Peninsula. The meteorite wiped out the dinosaurs and most life on the planet at the time, becoming the Fifth Mass Extinction event to ever happen on Earth.^[3][6]

Cenozoic Era

The Cenozoic Era^WP (新生代, Shinseidai^?) is Earth's current geological time period, representing the last 66 million years of history.^[5][2]

Humanity's first ancestors appeared 66 billion years ago.^[5] Over 40 million years, the first mammalian ancestors of humans appeared.^[3][4] 6 million years after that, modern humans finally appeared on the planet.^[3]

The Cenozoic Era is subdivided into the following periods:

• Paleogene Period
• Neogene Period

Paleogene Period

Paleogene Period^WP (古第三紀, Kodai Sanki^?)^[2]

Neogene Period

Neogene Period^WP (新第三紀, Shindai Sanki^?)^[2]

70,000 years ago, humanity only existed in West Africa. Due to an abnormal weather event, their entire population was reduced to 2,000 people. However, those that survived the crisis would eventually spread out to other continents, growing their numbers to the over seven billion alive in present day.^[7]

Field of Magecraft

Characteristics

In the World of Magecraft, Earth is classified as a Living Planet, a Planet Egg that was once infused with an Archetype of Creation. Due to this, it is one of the very few Celestial Bodies in the Universe with the potential to develop intelligent life. Furthermore, in the World of Tsukihime, the Archetype was able to gain a physical form, becoming an Archetype: Celestial Body known as Archetype: Earth in the process.

Similar to other Living Planets, Earth contains a will of its own called Gaia.^{[citation needed]} Thanks to this Counter Force, Earth cannot be destroyed by Anti-Planet Noble Phantasms under normal circumstances, unlike ordinary Planets.^[8]

The Earth's surface is covered by several layers known as Textures. These layers thinly extend across the planet's surface, and are managed to suit the needs and understanding of its Prime Species at the time. They are mainly structured as follows:

• Human World
• Reverse Side of the World
  • Inner Sea of the Planet: The place where the Soul of the Planet is kept.

History

See also Timeline.

As far as the World of Magecraft is concerened, the history of Earth is studied based on what was the rulling intelligent life-form, the Prime Species, during each era. The reason for this is that the planet continuously modifies the World based on their understanding and necessities, optimizing their survival.^[9][10] As such, the greatest turning points in history have been the periods of time in which the role of Prime Species changed from one species to another.

Age of Gods

The Age of Gods (神代, Jindai^?) refers to the span of time period beginning with the genesis of the Earth 4.5 billion years ago until the beginning of the Common Era around 1 AD.^{[citation needed]} As its name implies, during this time period, the Earth was ruled by Divine Spirits. Originally, they were parts of Nature (自然, Shizen^?) or manifestations of Concepts (概念, Gainen^?), who, with time, became proper gods due to being deified by humans.^[11][12]

During the Age of Gods, the World's laws were based on Mystery rather than physics.^[13] Due to this, the atmosphere was full of artificial mana known as True Ether. Furthermore, the mana was not only more more abundant than in modern day, but more potent as well.^[12]

The region of Mesoamerica^WP is known for having a very different mythology compared to the Gods of Uruk. Their Gods are not from the planet Earth. They are said to have come from the sky. When the asteroid collided with Earth, "something" that came with it survived and infected the plants. Eventually, it became a microscopic organism that changed the local animals into "Gods," and built that area's civilizations. The deities of Mesoamerica move from one Human to another. This ability would later allow them to come back to life in the A.D. era.^[14][15]

The Age of Gods period is marked by a greater proliferation of Phantasmal Species and greater interaction between Gods and mortals. This is the age of heroes and mythology, when rules of mankind and the laws of the world were different right down to the very fundamental physics of reality itself, but this period ended many years ago. Even magecraft itself is described as being closer to Magic in this era and Medea's abilities reinforce this concept. The currently-revealed Second Age of Gods eventually transitioned into the Age of Man due to three major events.^{[citation needed]}

Second Age of Gods

The Second Age of Gods (第二神代, Dai ni Jindai^?) started roughly during 12,000 BC, in the Paleolithic Era.^[16] This time period represents the end of the Age of Gods, which was divided into three phases:^[12]

Deterioration

The Deterioration (衰退, Suitai^?, localized as "Decline") is the first phase in the end of the Age of Gods. Its cause was the invasion of Sefar during 12,000 BC.^[12][11] Sefar successfully burned to ash 80% of the planet’s surface,^[17] not only killing most of the plants, animals or humans,^[11] but even the gods themselves.^[11][18] The most notable including Amaterasu,^[18][19] and the Twelve Machine Gods.^[20]

Sefar was eventually beaten by a human wielding Excalibur,^[11][21] a Divine Construct forged by the Fairies of the Beginning in the Inner Sea of the Planet.^[21] While this took place before the White Titan succeeded destroying the entire World,^[21] the irreparable damage caused to the prehistoric mythological civilizations supposed the beginning of the end of the Age of Gods.^[12] Over time, humanity's consumption-based civilization took full control and developed further, causing every field of magecraft to decline in power and scale.^[22]

The Authority Potnia Theron embodying the power of all creation originated from a forgotten Goddess approximately around 6,000 BC (the Goddess of Çatalhöyük). It was inherited by the Earth Mother Goddesses; Tiamat, Cybele, Ishtar, Inanna, Anat, Ashtart, Gaia, Hera, Artemis, Aphrodite, Demeter, Athena, etc.^[23]

Karna and Arjuna's story is set somewhere around 5000 B.C. The text itself, however, was completed sometime between the 4th century B.C. and the 4th century A.D.^[24]

In 4,000 BC, the Twelve Olympians created Pandora.^[25]

Separation

The Separation (決別, Ketsubetsu^?, localized as "Parting") is the second phase in the end of the Age of Gods. It refers to the period of time between 2600 and 700 BC.^[12]

Decades before 2655 BC, the Mesopotamian Gods created Gilgamesh, a human-god hybrid, in an attempt to prevent the gods from getting any weaker due to humanity becoming detached from them. However, Gilgamesh unexpectedly rebelled against them and encouraged the complete separation of the Gods and the humans.^[26][12] For this reason, the gods of Mesopotamia gradually lost their power and eventually vanished from the surface of the earth. The theory in the World of Magecraft is that they came to exist as hollow Divine Spirits on a higher plane, watching over the world. By the time the year 2655 BC, true gods had vanished from the Mesopotamian world, leaving behind shadows that could only be summoned by possessing human vessels.^[12]

In 1,000 BC, the Norse Age of Gods came to an end during Ragnarök.^[27]

After the death of the King of Magecraft Solomon in 900 BC, the decline of the Age of Gods accelerated even further.^{[10][28][29][30]}

Opportunity

Opportunity (契機, Keiki^?, also called "Trigger") is the third and last phase in the ending of the Age of Gods. It was period of time that initiated roughly around the 7th Century BC. It fully came to an end during 1 AD.^[12][10]

The specific period of Celt and Ulster legends are presumed to be from 100 BC to 100 AD. By 60 AD, the hero Cú Chulainn had already died decades ago.^[31]

Age of Fairies

Not much is known about the Age of Fairies (妖精の時代, Yōsei no Jidai^?), but the Age of Fairies has ended.^[32][33]

Age of Man

The Age of Man (人間の時代, Ningen no Jidai^?) is the current era, starting in 1 AD and stretching all the way up to the present day. This era is characterized by Divine Spirits and Fairies finally losing the position of Prime Species in favor of Humanity.^[10] Due to this, the magical energy in the atmosphere (a.k.a. mana) has been steadily decreasing since the start of the Command Era. By the 21st Century, magi power their Mystery through the Od produced by their Magic Circuits alone.^[12]

When Humans departed from the gods and became the greatest influence in the world, the Earth's rules were altered to optimize their survival. As such, mythological creatures like Faeries or Giants whose existence defied the laws of humans were forced to migrate to the Reverse Side of the World.^[10]

However, unlike on continents where countries are joined by land and thus the establishment of the laws of physics was swift, the Age of Gods lasted a little longer on islands; the more isolated from the mainland, the easier it was for Mystery to remain in those lands.^[34][35] This included Britain, the "navel" of the planet,^[34] which had its own Age in the form of the Age of Fairies, and Japan, whose Age of Gods outlasted Britain's.^[35] In the Americas, the Mesoamerican Age of Gods ended with the fall of the Mayan civilization in 900 CE.^[36]

Future

The future of the planet is undetermined, with many possible outcomes available depending on the conditions present in the parallel worlds. The Mana Depletion (魔力枯渇, Maryoku Kokatsu^?) of the world of Fate/EXTRA is caused by the Aylesbury Valesti producing a pole shift that began the depletion of mana. The world of Tsuki no Sango experienced a similar pole shift and the decline of the human race rather than magecraft. The world of Notes died entirely, and humanity still occupied its corpse.

Gilgamesh saw a future where, following the wishes of the Çatalhöyük,^[23] humanity outgrows the planet and reaches for the light millions of lightyears away.^[37] Merlin saw a similar future, a new Age following the Age of Man called the Age of Will (意思の時代, Ishi no Jidai^?), where the planet will cease to rotate, after which humanity will live among the stars and those unable to live without a flesh and blood body will be left behind.^[32] It is also Archetype Earth's wish for humans led by their forward way of thinking.^[38]

Flat Escardos also made the cryptic declaration that all human lives are valuable "for jumping clear of the Earth", with his eyes somehow seeing a far-off destination, probably the same as Merlin and Gilgamesh.^[39]

One possible future of the world is the Overcount 1999 (オーバーカウント1999, Ōbākaunto 1999^?) phenomenon, the beginning of the decline of humanity. With the Earth's resources dying, the ability to live on the planet is gradually lost. The nucleus of the Earth, what can be said to be its soul, is hurt.^[40] The cause is unknown, possibly the Aylesbury Valesti ritual, and the phenomenon is associated with the Land of Steel. Twice H. Pieceman in conversation with Leonardo B. Harwey reveals, however, that the Harwey family was responsible for Overcount 1999, at least in the world of Fate/EXTRA and Last Encore.^[41]

Fate/EXTRA

The world of Fate/EXTRA shares the same events as that of Fate/stay night up until a certain point until a "certain major incident" in the 1970s that caused the Earth's mana to start drying up causes it to split off into its own separate universe. As of the 2030s, the Earth's mana was completely gone. The cause of the phenomenon, the stagnation of human history, is said to be ■■■■■■,^[42] which could mean the Harwey family.^[41]

In the world of Fate/EXTRA Last Encore, the 1000 years of decline that humanity and the Earth suffers until the years 3020 are known as the Age of Ash (灰分の時代, Kaibun no Jidai^?), a period where the world is ruined and Humanity has stopped growing and undeniably needs the godlike power of the Moon Cell in order to achieve a solution.^[43]

Fate/Grand Order

The future was previously established so that humans would prosper for the next century at the minimum, but that future has become unobservable in 2015 due to the appearance of the spacetime anomaly designated Singularity F. Using Grand Orders, the Chaldea Security Organization seeks to correct the Singularities and undo the Incineration of Human Order.

One year after the Chaldea Security Organization stopped the Incineration of Human Order and saved the planet, the world was once again attacked, this time by an Alien God claiming to be from outer space and with the help of the Crypters, the former members of Chaldea's elite Team A.

On December 31, 2017, the seven Fantasy Trees fell to the surface of the earth, creating across the world seven Lostbelts, alternate histories that had been pruned from Proper Human History. This act erased the surface Texture of the planet, creating a Wiped Blank Earth (白紙化地球, Hakushi-ka Chikyū^?).^[44] The branches of the Fantasy Trees became a membrane that covered the Earth, blocking the stars from view, and the planet is lifeless save from some rare areas that survived the blanking, including Area 51.^[45]

Fate/kaleid liner PRISMA☆ILLYA

The Parallel World of the Ainsworth family in Fate/kaleid liner PRISMA☆ILLYA has experienced a shift in the axis of the world and the start of the depletion of its Magical Energy through a cause unknown to humans. This has brought on changes in the environment like abnormal weather and changes to the coastlines, such as Japan experiencing cold weather and snow during the summer. Plant life has declined, causing a decline in the animal life that feeds off the plants, and it has reached the human population as well. The process for the depletion of energy will take several hundred years, and the humans will not last more than ten generations before the world's destruction.^[46]

While science will allow humans to prevail in the short term even with the miracles of the world vanishing, the rules of the world being rewritten make it a surety that humans will perish. "Dry spots" are beginning to appear around the world in places where the energy has been completely exhausted, and an unknown particle unlike Magical Energy is spreading through those areas. Acting as a poison to wipe out everything alive under the current rules of the planet, the current inhabitants cannot exist in the new world. The Ainsworths plan to use the Holy Grail, Miyu Edelfelt, to use the remaining energy on the planet to make humans into beings that can survive in a new world, similar to the A-Rays and Liners of Notes.^[47]

In this age of "frozen silence", faith and religions such as the Holy Church are gone.^[48]

Fate/Requiem

Main article: "After" the Holy Grail War

The world of Fate/Requiem takes place in 2025, and 14 years beforehand was devastated by many Holy Grail Wars all occurring at once, also known as World War III. It is said that not a single nation was left unharmed by the fighting. Countless Drones were deployed during the war to the point that drones have become a horrible thing not to be talked about by the people who lived through it. In addition to the devastation on the surface, much of the world's sea life was also wiped out in the crossfire.

The conflict was resolved by Chitose Manazuru and her Servant Lucius Longinus, who obtained the Holy Grail. The Holy Grail created Mosaic City where survivors gathered, though much of the world beyond the city's borders is a wasteland and water levels have risen dramatically. Everybody who survived the war were given Holy Grails in their hearts, and the new generations born after had Grails within them from birth. Everybody has a Servant bound to them by fate, as well as Command Spells. Humans can no longer die of sickness or of old age, though are still able to be murdered. People can even use Command Spells to change the physical age of their bodies. As Servants have become commonplace and are living in Mosaic City alongside living people, Mystery is largely exposed and magecraft is common knowledge, though like in the world before not everybody has the capacity to be a Magus.

Notes

Main article: Land of Steel

Land of Steel (鋼の大地, Hagane no Daichi^?, [over count 1999]) is the name of the world in the time of Notes. It is not the official name, but a nickname passed down by those who live on the dead planet. The land is no longer able to support life due to the continents being mostly cracked wastelands unable to properly allow for the growth of food, and the atmosphere, covered with gray and sepia clouds, is no longer suitable for animals. Despite these conditions, humanity has lived on by utilizing their developed civic technology.^[49]

Due to their survival, the planet, not wishing to have beings live on past itself, made a final wish to the other planets to completely wipe out humanity. They responded by sending the Ultimate Ones, which ravage the Land of Steel in order to fulfill their purpose.

The world is filled with Grain (ジン, Jin^?, "Gin", [grain "Ether"]) harmful and unpredictable space dust particles generated from the dead planet.^[50] It is lethal to regular humans, who require special medication and machinery to process it, but it has had beneficial effects for A-Rays and Liners.

The energy transfer rate of the Grain scattered in atmosphere is incredibly high, and it resulted in a new level of warfare that was never before possible due to the A-Rays and Knight Arms making weapons of the old age useless.

The Cloud Sky (空が、昏い, Sora ga, Kurai^?, The Sky, it's Dark), said to be a barrier created by the Six Sisters to repel the Ultimate Ones, is a thick layer of clouds that has hidden the sky since the Great War.^[51] It covers the Blood Sky (空が、赤い, Sora ga, Akai^?, The Sky, it's Red), which is completely red rather than blue. This resulted not from pollution, but from the blood of Type Pluto after its destruction in the atmosphere completely covering the sky.^[52]

The main inhabitants after the death of the world were the A-rays and the surviving human race. They fought against each other in a conflict called The Great War (大戦, Taisen^?, [Babel's Tale]) where the A-Rays, under the Six Sisters, wished to rule the world, while the humans fought to survive.^[53]

Humanity, on the verge of defeat, eventually developed Liners and the Knights to help in their battles, but this did nothing more than further destroy the already dead planet. The war had no victor due to the sudden appearance of the Ultimate Ones, having arrived to fulfill their goal of wiping out all living beings. Both sides were nearly wiped out, and they started working together to fight against their combined threats. The Ultimate Ones slowed their activity after the end of the war, but still continue to slowly wipe out the remaining humans. Type Jupiter, Type Venus, and Type Saturn have all been destroyed, which has led for a call to the planets to initiate a final battle with the humans.

Tsuki no Sango

The World of Tsuki no Sango takes place in approximately the year 3000, when humankind arrived at the peak of its civilization, but is losing its will to keep living.

The Lunar Immigration Plan was one of the strategies they came up with to deal with an overpopulation crisis. It succeeded, but then a great disaster struck: humanity lost its "heart's fire". The desire for growing, expanding or excitement for invention. With this, the Moon's humans decided to abandon the Earth's humans. After 50 years of that tragedy, the Earth and Moon sealed their doors to each other, becoming entirely independent of each other.

Apparently, some decades later the light of the Moon disappeared and at the same time, humanity’s population on Earth also dramatically declined. The motive was simple: no one felt like propagating the species anymore. After these fifty years, humanity was to be extinct, if not for a group that still "keep trying".

Tsuki no Sango is "a degenerated world where magecraft yet lingers". Like the world of Notes, it is a Land of Steel type of world.^[54] Like the world of EXTRA, it also experienced a pole shift.

Ecology

• Humans
  • Magi
  • Dead Apostles
• Phantasmal Species
• Transcendent Species (超越種, Chōetsu-shu^?)

Realted Terminology

Archetype

Main article: Archetype

Big Five

The Big Five^WP: The Five Mass Extinction Events (５回の大絶滅(BIG-5), ５-Kai no Dai Zetsumetsu(BIG-5)^?) are five Mass Extinction Events^WP (大絶滅^?) that have taken place throughout the history of the planet Earth. There are many theories about their causes, such as extreme changes in weather or water levels, tectonic upheaval, meteorite impacts, or sudden ice ages.^[3]

• First Mass Extinction
• Second Mass Extinction
• Third Mass Extinction^WP (３度目の大絶滅, 3-Dome no Dai Zetsumetsu^?): Approximately 252 million years ago,^[5] the Paleozoic Era and the Permian Period came to an end due to a mass extinction event.^[2][4] During this time period, 95% of all aquatic life went extinct.^[4] On land, life was also purged.^[2] For these reasons, this mass extinction is regarded as the biggest of the Big Five. However, the factor that caused it is unclear.^[2] Some believe the Earth was engulfed in flames by the heatwave caused by a meteorite impact, just like with the 5th one.^[3][2] Others theorize it was caused by simultaneous volcanic eruptions or tempreature increases from the sudden release of methane from the ocean bottom.^[2]
• Fourth Extinction^WP (４度目の絶滅, 4-Dome no Zetsumetsu^?): It took place at the end of the Triassic Period.^[4]
• Fifth Mass Extinction^WP: Yucatán Peninsula Meteorite (ユカタン半島の隕石(５度目の大絶滅), Yukatantō no Inseki(5-Dome no Dai Zetsumetsu)^?): 66 million years ago, the Cretaceous Period came to an end due to the impact of an asteroid in the Yucatán Peninsula.^[3][6][4] The heatwave caused by the meteorite wiped out the dinosaurs,^[3][6][4] as well as 81% of marine life and 70% of vertebrates.^[2][4] Furthermore, the Earthquake^WP created by the meteorite's impact exceeded a magnitude of 11, and the resulting Tsunami^WP were easily over 300 meters tall.^[6]
  • See also Third Mass Extinction (Lostbelt)

Celestial Body

Main article: Celestial Body

Counter Force

Main article: Counter Force

Prime Species

Main article: Prime Species

Threat to the Planet

Main article: Threat to the Planet

References

Magecraft
Concepts
Bounded Field • Conceptual Weapon • Magic (First Magic • Second Magic • Third Magic • Fourth Magic • Fifth Magic) • Magical Spells (Astromancy • Gradation Air • Flash Air • Tuning) • Marble Phantasm • Mystic Code • Mystic Eyes (Mystic Eyes of Death Perception) • Psychic • Reality Marble
Creatures
Bicorn • Centaur • Daemon • Dead Apostle • Demon • Demon Boar • Divine Spirit • Doll • Dragon • D'yavol Tron • Fairy • Familiar • Gazer • Giant • Golem • Homunculus • Human • Hydra • Lamia • Magician • Magus • Mixed-Blood • Oni • Outer God • Phantasmal Species • Soul Eater • Sphinx • Spirits • Tengu • True Ancestor • Ultimate One • Vampire • Werewolf • Witch • Wizard • Xian • Yaga
Holy Grail War
Anti-Hero • Catalyst • Command Spell • Blackening • Greater Holy Grail of Fuyuki • Lesser Holy Grail of Fuyuki • Heroic Spirit • Holy Grail • Incarnation • Master • Mirror World • Overseer • Noble Phantasm • Parameter Rules • Saint Graph • Servant (Class Card • Demi-Servant • Grand Servant • High-Servant • Pseudo-Servant • Servant Universe) • Servant classes • Skill
Organizations
Holy Church (Burial Agency (Remake)) • Chaldea Security Organization • Demon Hunter Organization • Mage's Association (Clock Tower • Atlas • Wandering Sea) • Spiral Manor • Summit Court • The Twenty-seven Dead Apostle Ancestors (Remake) • Palalalala Organization
Terms
Advantage • Akasha • Authority • Anti-Purge Defense • Counter Force • Incantations • Immortality • Elements • World • World of Magecraft • Magic Circuit • Magical Energy • Magic Crest • Magical Workshop • Mystery • Soul • Spiritron • Starlog • Resurrection • Texture • Time Travel • Tradition Protection • Parallel World • Quantum Time-Lock • Underworld